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Kalman Taigman also Teigman (ヘブライ語:קלמן טייגמן ) ( – ) was an Israeli citizen born in Warsaw, Poland,〔 who testified at the 1961 Eichmann Trial held in Jerusalem as one of the remaining few Jewish inmates of the ''Sonderkommando'' who escaped from the Treblinka extermination camp during the prisoner uprising of 1943.〔 Taigman did not go back to Poland for over 60 years, he returned to Treblinka for the first time in 2010 (two years before his death),〔 asked by the film director Tzipi Beider to take part in a documentary, along with another Treblinka survivor, and a friend of his, Samuel Willenberg. Taigman's second wife of 26 years, Lea Lipshitz, who went along with them, said that Kalman was happy to be in Poland once more and much to her surprise spoke Polish again with ease.〔 ==Biography== Kalman Teigman (Taigman) studied at a technical school in Warsaw before the Shoa in Poland occupied by Germany, taught by Adam Czerniaków among others. In 1935, his father emigrated to Mandate Palestine in the hope of bringing the family with him, but the war erupted and the planning failed. Kalman and his mother were trapped in the Warsaw Ghetto, the largest Jewish ghetto in all of Nazi Germany-occupied Europe with 500,000 inmates eventually. They worked for the ghetto branch of Germany's ''Chemnitzer Astrawerke'' AG factory.〔Christoph Schult (28 May 2005), ( Holocaust Survivors: Former Nazi Ghetto Workers Get Cheated – Again. ) Der Spiegel 22/2005.〕 In 1942,〔Session 66, ( Witness: Kalman Teigman. ) The Trial of Adolf Eichmann. Part 4 of 9. The Nizkor Project.〕 both of them were deported to Treblinka during the ''Grossaktion Warsaw''.〔Barbara Engelking-Boni, (Warsaw Ghetto Calendar of Events: 1942 ) ''Timeline: the beginning of the great deportation action in the Warsaw ghetto; transports leave from Umschlagplatz for Treblinka.'' Publisher: Centrum Badań nad Zagładą Żydów IFiS PAN.〕 The camp in Treblinka, built as part of Operation Reinhard (the most deadly phase of the "Final Solution"), operated between 23 July 1942 and 19 October 1943 officially.〔(Treblinka Death Camp Day-by-Day ) Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, H.E.A.R.T. Retrieved August 11, 2013.〕 During this time, more than 800,000 Jews – men, women, and children – were murdered there upon arrival. Kalman's mother was sent directly from the Holocaust train to the gas chambers disguised as showers. Kalman was put to work with the ''Sonderkommando'' in the ''Auffanglager'' sorting barracks.〔 Of his experience at Treblinka, Taigman stated on film: "It was hell, absolutely hell. A normal man cannot imagine how a living person could have lived through it – killers, natural-born killers, who without a trace of remorse just murdered every little thing." He described the concealment of the camp's purpose in a following way: Taigman escaped during the uprising of 2 August 1943 by climbing over the barbed-wire fence under machine-gun fire. Soon after the war ended he married in Warsaw. A year later he joined his father in Israel, but only after arrest by the British and subsequent release from the Jewish refugee camp set up in Cyprus, according to the 2002 Uruguayan documentary ''Despite Treblinka''. Taigman ran a successful import business in Israel.〔 For a number of years, while in Israel, Taigman used to meet with other Holocaust survivors on the anniversary day of the Treblinka uprising. Among the guests at the home of Samuel (Szmuel) Willenberg and his wife Ada were also Pinhas (Pinchas) Epstein and Eliahu Rosenberg who testified along with him at the trial of Holocaust perpetrator Adolf Eichmann in 1961. Both of his friends, Rosenberg and Epstein, were the star witnesses of Israeli prosecution at the 1986–88 trial of John Demjanjuk, identified as camp guard nicknamed "Ivan the Terrible" and accused of committing murder and acts of extraordinary violence at Treblinka against the Jewish prisoners in . When asked, Kalman refused to testify and asserted that this man was never in Treblinka.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=מקומי - חולון ובת-ים nrg - ...סיפורו של השורד מטרבלינקה, )〕 The controversy surrounding Rosenberg-Epstein testimony erupted in full force after it was discovered in the Soviet-held archives that Demjanjuk (identified by both of them from photographs) did not serve at Treblinka at all, but at the Sobibor ''SS'' death camp. To make matters worse, Rosenberg's testimony in his case from 1981 was shown to have been coached by the interrogators and wholly illegitimate. Kalman Taigman died in 2012 of a brain tumor, survived by his second wife Lea, a son, and two grandchildren.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kalman Taigman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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